URL encoding (also known as percent-encoding) is a mechanism that converts characters that cannot be used directly in a URL into a format using the % sign followed by hexadecimal digits. Many users searching for "url encoder" or "url decoder" have experienced confusion when dealing with Japanese text in URLs or API request parameters.
According to URL specifications, the characters that can be safely used are essentially limited to alphanumeric ASCII characters and a few symbols. Japanese hiragana, kanji, and even symbols like &, ?, and = carry special meaning in URL structure. Including them as-is can cause browsers and servers to misinterpret URL boundaries, leading to broken links or parameter misreadings.
This is where url encoding comes in. To include a Japanese word like "東京" in a URL, it is first converted to a UTF-8 byte sequence, and each byte is then transformed into the format %E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC. This allows any browser or server across all environments to process the URL without misinterpretation.
On the other hand, strings filled with percent signs are completely unreadable for humans. When reviewing URLs recorded in analytics tools or server logs, parameters displayed in percent-encoded notation make it impossible to intuitively understand which search keywords drove traffic or which product page was accessed. This is where url decoding becomes essential. By reversing the percent-encoding back into readable text, you can dramatically improve the efficiency of log analysis and debugging.